P2P-обмен
Peer-to-Peer Exchange
P2P exchange is the exchange of cryptocurrency or fiat directly between two users, often with the platform's escrow guarantor involved and without a centralized order book.
P2P exchange (peer-to-peer) is a model in which a buyer and a seller agree on a trade directly. The platform usually acts as an intermediary: it publishes listings, holds the cryptocurrency in escrow until payment is confirmed, and provides chat and arbitration for disputes. Unlike an exchange with an order book, the trader sets the price and payment method in their own listing.
## How it works
A seller publishes a listing with a rate, limits, and payment methods: bank transfer, card, e-wallet, or cash. The buyer selects a listing and sends fiat. The seller checks that the payment has arrived and releases the asset from escrow. If payment is not confirmed or the parties disagree, a dispute is opened and moderators decide it based on chat logs and evidence.
## Where it is used
P2P functionality is offered by many crypto exchanges and standalone services, as well as by on-ramp solutions for users who need to enter crypto through local payment methods. The model is especially in demand where card payments for crypto are restricted or expensive.
## What it affects
The main risk is payment fraud: fake receipts, reversing transfers after receiving the asset, and the use of money mules. For this reason, platforms require verification (KYC), limit volumes for new accounts, and check the source of funds. For fintech teams, AML requirements and travel rule obligations are important if the service is classified as a VASP.
## Common mistakes
Communicating outside the platform and paying through links shared in chat takes the trade outside escrow protection. A second common mistake is trusting "perfect" reviews and accounts with no history. Sellers should keep in mind that banks may block transfers labeled as "crypto," and delays in a dispute freeze capital.
FAQ
How is P2P exchange different from a regular exchange?
On a regular exchange, the price is formed by an order book, and the trade takes place between the user and the platform. In P2P, the seller or buyer sets the price and payment method, and the platform acts as a guarantor through escrow and arbitration.
Is P2P exchange safe?
Safety depends on the platform and the behavior of the parties. Trades within the system with escrow are better protected than transfers made outside it. The main risks are payment fraud and blocks on bank transfers.
Is verification required for P2P trades?
Most platforms require KYC at least to reach certain limits. Without verification, volumes are usually restricted, and in some jurisdictions identity verification requirements are stricter.